Studies have shown that taking resveratrol can produce effects that benefit the management of Type 2 diabetes. Although resveratrol supplements can offer general benefits as people age and develop chronic illness, resveratrol appears to be particularly effective as a complementary therapy for managing Type 2 diabetes.
Resveratrol is a phytoestrogen (a plant compound) that imitates the human estrogen hormone and acts as an antioxidant. Resveratrol is generated by certain plants in response to attacks on their immune system. In particular, grape skin contains large amounts of resveratrol. It is also found in varying amounts in blueberries, cranberries, cocoa, legumes, mulberries, peanuts, and raspberries. However, as the majority of these food sources are seasonal, it can be useful to access resveratrol in supplement form. Resveratrol can be taken as capsules containing grape extract. This allows for a greater concentration of resveratrol to be taken compared with the amounts contained in food.
The way in which resveratrol generates health benefits in the body is still unclear. What we do know is that most resveratrol (70% to 75%) is absorbed in the small intestine into the bloodstream or metabolised within the intestine tract. The resveratrol that does enter into blood circulation is immediately metabolised in the liver by enzymes, glucuronide metabolites, and form sulfate. This process occurs quickly so blood testing will not reveal high levels of resveratrol.
Resveratrol is quickly transformed into two main metabolites: resveratrol glucuronide and resveratrol sulfate. Therefore, although resveratrol enters blood circulation quickly, it is also just as quickly converted into another substance. However, it is important to note that these new substances continue to promote health through DNA repair, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
In general, resveratrol is a safe, natural treatment that can complement other medical treatments or interventions. Studies have shown that resveratrol produces an anti-inflammatory effect in the body as measured by two biomarkers: IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Resveratrol can also decrease the level of triglycerides (fat) in the body. It acts as an antioxidant, with studies showing that taking resveratrol supplements can increase the body’s total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Greater stores of antioxidants reduce the body’s level of oxidative stress, which is a factor in multiple illnesses or chronic diseases. Resveratrol also improves the flow of blood to brain tissue, acting as a protective factor against the effects of ageing and neurological decline.
A large number of studies support the use of resveratrol supplements in people with Type 2 diabetes. In particular, taking a resveratrol supplement supports glycemic control and insulin sensitivity.
Resveratrol produces the same effects as restricting the number of calories eaten. A recent meta-analysis of the effects of resveratrol on lipid metabolism found that taking a resveratrol supplement improves glycolipid metabolism. Disorders involving glycolipid metabolism are associated with an increased risk of becoming obese or developing diabetes or liver disorders. A key benefit of taking a resveratrol supplement is to counter the effects of obesity and improve the physiological experience of chronic illnesses such as diabetes. HbA1c is a biomarker that measures long-term glycemic control. Studies have found that resveratrol supplements can lower HbA1c in the short term. This in turn supports better lipid metabolism that regulates cytokines to lower inflammation in the body.
Several studies have shown resveratrol to improve the body’s sensitivity to insulin in participants with type 2 diabetes. In these studies, taking a resveratrol supplement resulted in significant improvements in insulin levels and insulin sensitivity, along with better blood pressure and fasting levels of blood glucose. These are all factors that play a role in the development and prognosis of Type 2 diabetes.
Many factors influence or reduce the benefit of taking resveratrol. For example, the dosage, type of resveratrol supplement, length of time taken, and your age, gender, and weight can change the effects of resveratrol in the body. There is uncertainty about the optimal dosage of resveratrol supplement. In addition, a healthy diet is needed to access the full benefits of taking a resveratrol supplement. Resveratrol is a component of the Mediterranean diet, which is strongly linked with healthy ageing. Taking a supplement compliments the need to eat well and in moderation.
The primary role of resveratrol supplementation is to support your overall health and help manage any chronic condition. It is important to seek advice from your healthcare professional before taking any supplement to ensure the supplement dosage and duration is safe and appropriate for your individual health circumstances.
